Fridays

جهت مشاهده Writing تصحیح شده فایل PDF را دانلود نمایید.

Cover to cover3 Unit 1 part 1 beauty It was about some changings in definition of masculinity around the world. For instance, these days men spend lots of time and money on the cosmetics, research shows on average some of men spend more money on designer clothes monthly. Furthermore, consumerism is thriving and they pay attention to their outfit such as hairstyle, suits, shirts, ties. Also, some TV and magazine advertisements encourage men to use eye creams, hair products, sunblock and skin moisturizers. Additionally, some famous people such as soccer players like David Beckham and some actors are playing large role in popularizing the men beauty trend. Although the main question is:’ what are women opinions about them? Do they like these men?’ According to the some opinions poll, some women like their boyfriend or their fiancé being metrosexual and don’t like sloppy men. Some studies show in some case metrosexuals are more successful than the others, for example they able to have better relationship or they have more confident and it helped them to have good feeling in them and the people who work or live near them. Metrosexual is going to be a natural around the world and I think it’s not just a business, while some men trend to it. Unit1 part2 changing face These days, in the most countries that developing and prospering, surgery are growing fast. In addition to, it(mishe hazf kard ya na) has seemed indication of wealth but not just for adults rather even children have lots of experts about the beauty surgery or use the technical words. In recent century, people spend much money on themselves to seem beauty and it gets them some confidents, so let them to stand out and show off. Nowadays plastic surgery such as liposuction or face-lift has become popular between people who want to seem beauty or even get a job in a big company. For instance, if some people with the same abilities request to the same job, who will be employ that is beautiful than the others. In some countries are being some tours which you can get a hotel and go sightseeing and have beauty surgery at an absolutely bargain price, which it may be at the same just surgery price in another country.Unit 2 part 1 This story was about some miscommunications and travel mistakes that may happen for everyone. Mrs.Tsuchida is an elder traveller who lives in Turkey. She decided to go to England to visit her friend. When she left her friend’s house and went to the train station to go to the airport, she put on wrong way because she couldn’t speak English well and specially her accent wasn’t well, So she got on wrong train and went to Torquay instead of Turkey. When she arrived in Torquay understood that she is not in the right place, so police found her while she was in the train station and started to investigation her. After a long time, they helped her to come back her house, but she was exhausted for this trip, also she learned to get her map always. Unit2 part2 When you want to go trip with your family, your friends, our someone else, you will have lots of conflicts in your trip if you don’t care of something before your trip. For instance, you should set your plan together not by self and don’t take the lead and set plan with your interest. Maybe someone likes going sightseeing, others don’t. Maybe someone likes walking while the others want using public transportation or rent a car, so first set your plan together and discuss about it. Another solution is talking about your budgets clearly, it’s really important because maybe someone like going an expensive restaurant while another don’t, or your travel companion want to stay in a cheap hotel whilst you want to stay in a luxury hotel, so discuss about your budget clearly before the trip. The third one is, you should talk about your life style, for example it’s really unbearable that you want sleep until noon and your travel companion wants to wake up early, or some of your restrictions such as dietary are different. On the other hands, it’s better for you to compromise in order to have a good time during your trip, I mean you can buy some journals for yourself and your friends and write your habit and your react in the extremely stressful situations and also write you’re the best and the worst trip and your reasons. The last one that I suppose you have to know is, take a break to each others, I mean some people think when they travel together they have to spend all their time together, you need a break though. Finally, I wish you have a nice trip Unit3 part1 It was some opinions and search about lying in the wide world. Some old saying consider lots of wise people about lying, for instant “just infants and stupid people say truth”. It shows all the adults and clever people saying lots of lying during their life. The lie is universal and all the people around the world have done it and they will do it too, so I think it’s better for us to teach it in our schools or universities, maybe next generation use it in a better way, not just for their benefit, for some advantages of the others, also for good purpose, not evil. The lie is one of the enjoyable and favourite people’s hobby and we couldn’t stop them because if they don’t say lie in their speaking, the life will be unbearable, imagine you are living with someone who don’t speak except truth from sunset to sunrise. Also some experts are believing that anyone couldn’t tell a lie, even they don’t speak, they are not honest with their eyes, gestures, and their thinking. Unit3 part2 We are going to say some keys how you can understand when you are being lied to. First of all, we should say the varies generations lie. It began around the ages of four or five, when you tell lie not maliciously, but rather you want to use and gain awareness power of language. Later on, you tell lie to catch personal gain, or stay out of troubles. Sometime people tell lie to protect others it has called “white lie”, but someone are pathological liars, it means they tell lie without any specific reason. But how can we know a person tell a lie or truth? There are seven signs of liars or when someone tell lie you. First and foremost, they couldn’t make eye contact in their speaking or a specific part of it. normally, in a conversation between to people, they make eye contact at least half of conversation, so anything less than it, can be suspicious. Secondly, their voice have changed, maybe they stammer or increase their tones. Thirdly, they use unusual body languages such as fidget with their hands, taps their foot, bring their hands to their face or raise their shoulders, which one of them can be indicate a sign of liars. Fourthly, they may make some statements that contradict each other. Fifthly, maybe they get defensive, and if you ask some questions, they do not answer you, or even accusing you of lying. Sixthly, they might change the subject or if you change the subject, they will be along with you, because they do not want to continue the lastsubject and it is doubtful. Finally, last one is, if someone tells a lie, they will be sarcasm. Unit4 part1 It was a story about some hoaxes and especially April Fool’s day. According to the some stories about source of April Fool’s day, it first time has been begun in 1582 when France had changed their calendar, so the first of the year had changed from the 1 April to the 1January, but whole the people around the world didn’t know it or they continued to observe their ancient customs, so those people that observed to the new calendar called the others April fools and played trick on them. Hoaxes and April fool’s day should be funny and didn’t hurt the others, for example in some country children paint a fish on a paper and glue it on the back of the others and both of them laugh and it’s so funny and exciting. The British broadcast Company as known BBC, is famous in these hoaxes, for instance some years ago it showed some strange news about discovering a tree in Pacific ocean that singing belong the nights and lots of people believe it. In my opinion, in these world that full of wars and stresses, it’s not bad idea to do these fun hoaxes. Unit4 part2 It was two example of internet hoaxes that explained two different emails which are really inoffensive and innocent. For instance, the first story began to describe a virus could destroy hard drive and reproduce itself, also it could send to your email contacts and spread the world. Furthermore, it wanted to help them to prevent of that virus and said that warn your friends and your family and people who you know or all the newsgroup that you belong in. The second story was about a huge cat which called Snowball with around 39.5 kilograms weight and about a large dog length. At first, it spread all over the world in less than two months through the email and then someone, nobody knows who, sent another email and gave some information about it.Although both story was fake, they were interesting for people and they laughed when they understood, they were harmless hoaxes. Unit5 part1 Two teenager have survived after six days while their small boat was drifted in the Atlantic ocean. They went for fishing shark but ended up sharps were following them and they had lots of problem such as dehydration, sunburn, extreme thirst, hunger, sun exposure during the day and cold temperature at the middle of night. During the day, they took tips in the water to cool off under the midday sun but they understood early some sharks were swimming under their boat and every time they wanted to swim, one of them come out. One night sharks awakened them by splashing waves to them and their boat capsized. They lost their fishing tackle on the second day, so they couldn’t catch fish, on the other hands, they were really hungry, so they decided to eat jellyfish, although it smelled really nasty. After some days, the guard coast found them and it was miracle that they survived. Unit5 part2 In 2003, Bethany Hamilton, a 13 year old competitive surfer, was attacked by a tiger shark and in the struggle, shark ripped her arms but instead of panicking, she paddled to near her friend who helped her quickly to go to the shore. When she arrived at the shore, one of her father’s friend tied a rope to her shoulder to avoid the bleeding. But the traumatic shark attack couldn’t dissuade her to do surfing, but rather, she was continuing competitions and loved surfing more than every time also she painted a poisonous sea snake on her board to scare away sharks. After that, she became a famous because she won a lot of cups in the surfing competitions also she was trying to help and inspire others. Furthermore, she helped to the children who was injured in the tsunami disaster in Thailand.Unit6 part1 In this story author is going to learn a different instruction, which is failure can be us how to learn new things and if we do anything that we know, we will not learn anything new. At first, he said something about his daughter, who is successful in her lessons. He said that always he wished her to success in her studying and does everything the best, but sometimes, in his heart, he wished her to fail because he believed that if someone doesn’t fail, they don’t get new experience. Later on, he said about his experience in the university when he was Professor and taught to undergraduate class. He always scared of the failure because he would not his colleagues look down on him or would be regarded as a failure, so he taught in the same way, it means he lectured entire the time and students took the notes and have to be quite during the class, one day, he changed his method of teaching though. One session, after five year that he had been a Professor and taught in the university, he decided to teach just about 15 minutes and asked for students to create some groups consist of 4 or 5 students and talked about his lecturer, although no one said anything and they just stared on the floor. He failed in that session but he kept on and thought about his failure and after some changing in his method he succeeded, hence he wanted her daughter to fail in her instructions. So we conclude if a person wants to learn something new, he or she has to do new experience and avoid of doing simply routine activities. Unit6 part2 One of the university magazine interviewed with four top or high grades students in their classes and asked them to give some tips of maximize memory power and studying habits. The first person was Aki Yoshida, who study English, she said that she has two ways for learning, the first she always when wants to learn something, verbalize it, it means make her own words to remember that information. The second, she said that she got some information and explained them to her friend over and over in some different ways and also her friend did it. The second student that was interviewed, was Jim Brown, a computer major, he said that when he wants to learn something, first he learns important data, then repeat them over and over until fill into his brain. The third student was Ina Kim, math major, she said that she is visuallearner, it means she has to see photos, graphs, table or something such as these and also she does not learn with just listening to a lecture or talk about them with their classmate. He also write the information on his computer and scrutinize by drawing a photo or graph and when he takes an exam, he can visualize all of them. Finally, the last one was Yao Lee, physics student, she has a specific way for learning. He just studies for 30 minutes and take a break for an hour and repeat it four or five time per a day . We conclude that there lots of ways to studying and improving your memories you can try them on yourself or find a new one. Unit7 part1 Today, we are going to talk about the Role Model, the role models are people who changed the world with their behaviour, job, way of their life or even their aims. In honor of the people make the positive impact in our lives, we asked some people about their role model, who are them? and why? Lisa, 22, Canada said that her role model is Armstrong who despite being diagnosed with cancer, did not give up and made an effort until overcome and achieved his goals, also he fought hardly and recovered and improved his athletic abilities. Kyle, 25, Australia said that her role model was Princess Diana who dedicated much effort to helping less fortunate people, also she campaigned against land mines and established lots of charities for AIDS, homeless people and children’s organizations. Alex, 18, England said that his role model is Gandhi who worked about 30years for Indian’s freedom and people will respect and admire him because of his dedication to change through non-violent protest. Aleena, 22, Belguim said that her role model is teachers because they choose a hard, tiring career education children that it is really important for our next generations. Taka, 30, U.S.A said that his role model is his grand father who worked hard and long entire his life just for his dedication and commitment to support his family. Antonio, 38, Brazil said that his role model is Pele’ Peléwho is one of the world greatest soccer. He was born in a poor family but it couldn’t stop him from following his dreams. Unit 8 part1 We are going to talk about some drugs which are useful for our mind. For instance, think about your painful memorise, I mean your bad experience or something sad happening like an accident you had in the past, you cannot never forget it because it has had terrible effect in your life, but if you take a pill and forget them, you will lead to normal life. In the other hand, some of drugs can help to treat drug addiction, I mean it could help people to reduce using illegal drugs. In addition to, scientist discovered a few drugs that people take for physical illness are also useful for treating disease of mind such as propranolol. This drug has used for 25years for high blood pressure, although researcher discovered that it helps to reduce the painful impact of bad memories. Furthermore, another drug that scientists are also finding is Modafinil. At first it jus used for people who has sleep disorder, it means who go into a deep sleep a short during the day, but later on, scientists discovered it is useful for impulsiveness people and can help people to think clearly for a longer period of time, so it also used in the military service and for some work overnight because helped soldiers were awake and alert, the harmfulness of these drugs did not import though. The affect of using these drugs for longterm will be dangerous and no one has not known the exact harmfulness of them but it is simply knowing that some people are hooked on and could not live without them. Unit 8 part 2 Will computer have minds or working without humans’ control or programs? In this day and age, computers have performed really important functions in our lives. They are able to do lots of extremely hard actions at the same time which humans just do once, but at the present time, they only work with humans program and order and don’t have minds. They make easy our way of life, for example in the line check-out if computers destroy or failure , the clerkhas to do every thing with a small calculator and probably a piece of paper, it could take a grate deal of time and may not be accurate, while if a computer is there, we will be delighted and pleased and all the works will do really fast and accurate. But is it always delighted us? And what will it happen if the computers have mind and can decide themselves or have feeling? We could not answer these questions exactly, but in some sense, we can imagine, for instance if computers have minds and feeling , it might the can help us and sympathize with us a good friend. Furthermore, they can help us in doing some works such a professional assistant, without any mistakes, in addition they can work always and without break down, it can increase the speed of development and advance human’s job. Unit9 part 1 Google corporation has created by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two friends that decided to help people to search efficiently and simply on the internet 1995, when they were graduate students at the Stanford University. At that time, they were not good friends but they had one most important thing in common. They were very interested in computer technology. In the 1997, they succeeded to create fist different and unique search engine. They encouraged one of their friend to establish their first own company which is named google before that, they worked in the Sergey’s dormitory. After a few years, google was a corporation and more than 7000 people work on it around the world. They believe googlers, people who work in their company, should be comfortable and enjoy from working, so they changed their work environment. Their office have pool, gaming room, work out room, café, massage room and free, healthy lunch five days a week. Despite they were very successful, they did not give up their progress and continued their way to improving and growth their work. In present, lots of people around the world are using their search engine and their company are populating increasingly. Unit9 part2If I want to speak about a good and suitable role model for women, I have to speak about Kaori Sasaki. She has had lots of special different experience in her life. For instance, she has had guns pointed in her face, been shot in the leg, dodged land mines and been to refugee camps. Also, she is a wife, a mother of two children ( a boy and a girl), a news reporter, a magazine columnist, an author, president of two website. She believes in change through the challenge, so when she went to the South Africa for covering demonstrations, got shot in the leg. Furthermore, she has pointed guns in her face in the Philippines. Moreover, she founded the UNICUL, an interpreting, communications and consulting company. in addition to, she was co-founder in eWoman which is Japan’s first website aimed at working woman. She stablished eWoman because she wanted women and men share their experience in their work and improve their skills. Finally, I should say she did not have any role model, although she was one of the 13 most successful women in Japan. Unit 10 part 1 What are advantages and disadvantages of online communications? In this day and age, we see a wired generation who spend lots of their time on the internet and network pages. They also find a friend on the internet with watch their photos and read their short biography that they wrote on the their own page. Furthermore, youth distance from the talking and communication in face-to-face. Even have seen in the family party or celebrations they are using their cell phone and wandering on the popular social network such as face book while should spend their time with their friends or family. Sometimes, they scare that going out or even hear a “no” or hear the rejection. In addition, they have to be careful on the internet because maybe someone posts the embarrassing photos or shares their photos or posts to their office or university. I do not mean that the online communications or social network website are harmful but we have to arrange our time in all ways. For instance, using from these website and communications app can let someone finds goodfriend around the world or even get married. Moreover, our generation need to develop with technology and learn how can send instance message or way of publicize to large group, hence we don’t give up using the technology, we should learn how, where and when to use them though. Unit10 part2 What is the pros and cons of cell phone in our life? When it comes to talking about advantages or disadvantages of mobile phone in our life, it is better to know people’s opinion around the world. According to a poll, we found some viewpoints from different people with different cultures, so we are going to say some of them: Whether good or not, the cell phones has played a really efficient role in our generations. Let’s face it, the cell phones are used for talking, taking photos, using internet, sending message or even playing games, thus, these days we could not live without cell phone. Often, people use it while they are driving, talking with others or sending message, so could not pay attention to the road and focus on driving, hence most of the accidents. Furthermore, in many ways, people do not know how to use it, for example some students use it during the classes instead of listening or doing work in the class. In other hands, cell phones have lots of benefits in human’s lives, for instance parents could have communication with their children when they are late or in emergency situations. Moreover, people can fill their time during their long commute. Finally, cell phones are convenient, but government should make some fairly rules for using cell phone. Unit11 part1Pat Mahoney was a 23-year-old university student who was studying history and needed money for the rest of her life, so when she saw an ad on the newspaper for part-time hairstylist, applied and worked while she was studying. After university, she didn’t bother herself to look for a job and just she switched her job from part-time to full-time. At first, her parents were apprehensive because they taught it was not appropriate for a person who graduated in bachelor level from university, they accept it when they saw their daughter were happy with it though. According to a survey in the London, first and high job in the satisfaction jobs rank is hairdresser with 40percent satisfaction between hairstylist. The second place is for religious worker such as clergy with 24 percent and third place is for chefs and cooks with 23percent job satisfaction. Close and behind in fourth and fifth places are for beauticians and plumber with 22 percent. The survey showed that despite a blue-collar worker wage are really less than a whitecollar worker wage, most of blue-collar jobs which do not needed a specific university degree and involve manual labor such as taxi driver, plumber, hairdresser, beauticians were happiness job satisfaction because of their outcome, for example when people style, perm or wash their hair, these make them happy, or when homeowners have broken the sink and flooded in their kitchen, they will joyful if a plumber come and repair their broken pipes. Another survey showed that people who work with their hands are really happy than people sit behind the desk and do white-collar jobs. Unit11 part2 Laughter is the best drug for treating diseases and sickness. We usually laugh about 17 times in a day and it helps interaction among the people, also helps us to have communications with others. For example, a person laughs alone rarely, just when is watching a funny program or reading a funny text, although generally, laughs with others louder and longer. Furthermore, people sometimes laugh when their bosses or a person with a higher power laughs.Laughter sometimes has variety reasons in different culture, for instance if someone angry with you, you may laugh to show you are sorry. Experts say that laughter can cure lots of diseases. According to some surveys on people who have blood pressure or heart attack, people who laugh about one hour per a day are really healthy and may cure than the others do not laugh. Even the group of people who laugh a lot, less than other get sick. Unit 12 part1 People around the world have different cultures, not just with their language, but also with the way of their communicating, life style and strategy of communications,. some tend to be clear and direct in their style of communications,. in contrast, some prefer to be indirect and unclear. Unfortunately, sometimes, cross-culture communication may cause confusion, misunderstanding or even hard feelings between people. Jan Smith went to a foreign country to work there and he had an experience in cross-culture communication as he wrote in a letter which he sent to his friend. I have had a difficult time understanding this country. Somethings were more or less than I expcecpt. By far the most interesting part of settling in was renting a room. I had this conversation with my landlord about renting a room, price and terms and using the attic to store my extra equipment. I asked him if it would be “OK” I for me to put my extra equipment in the attic and he answered “ yes “. Then he started to telling a story about their aim target culture which was not related to my question. Furthermore, I asked him, how much he would charge, he blushed and said “ I do not have an idea. why don’t do not you suggest?”. I was shocked, but as I knew the cost of it, I suggested to him and he accepted, so I asked him to sign contract but he said “it is not necessary”. Then again, he started about something else which was not related to renting a room. Unit12 part2 Probably this was happened for you that you went to a foreign country and faced to different hobbies or culture between new environment and yourtraditional environment, or even different languages and you could not speak or use telephone and so forth. Sometimes, you did something which is really polite behaviours in your culture but is considered impolite in the other countries, or you said something and it has two different meanings in two countries, these differences between cultures are called culture shock, in other words, you will be shocked when you see these differences between other cultures. Also, it is good experience and develop or simulate your creativity. The symptoms of culture shock can appear at different time. First of all, we count some symptoms then explain about their time. The symptoms of culture shock are sadness and loneliness, aches, pains and allergies, unwillingness to communicate with others, developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness and so forth. Each type of culture shock be ongoing or appear only at certain time. In the first stage, you may be happy because you face new culture and want to discover It and experience. The second stage occur when you feel you are among lots of differences and problems, it make feel you sadness or angry.