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Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced? Nowadays waste production has soared at an alarming rate. I personally believe that households, as well as many factories due to consumerism and packaging variety, are manufacturing more rubbish. First of all, due tosince products been are more attractive and companies have more sales; the variety of packing has risen which is leading people to produce excessive rubbish. Besides, the materials used in packaging such as plastic, rubber, and polythene are not biodegradable in that it they remains for millions of years in nature. Although new packing is deceptive or discarded, it causes excessive waste production. On the other hand, folks nowadays follow the use and throw culture result in consumerism. This culture leads to if one of our equipment is broken or outwear, it doesn’t need to repair, so throw it away and replace it with new ones. Therefore, companies manufacture more cheaper and disposable products. As a result of this mass consumption of new things, the old and used products are discarded leading to the production of more waste. The solution to this problem needs a political will; governments need to enact strict laws for industry and people to reduce waste production. These laws such as fining factories and peoples that produce excessive rubbish or implement tax incentives to encourage them to decrease the production of rubbish. Companies need to replace the non-decomposable materials of packaging with biodegradable kinds or if possible, reduce the amount of packing. Furthermore, students should be educated about environmental issues resulting in waste production. Consequently, measures such as public awareness, children education, waste recycling, and implementation of stringent laws can reduce the amount of rubbish we produce.

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Nowadays students usually take exams in the class, but some universities allow students to take exams at home. Talk about the advantages or disadvantages of taking exams at home. How to assess the knowledge of the students has always been a great debate among education experts and many ways has have been invented such as practical exams, and assessment during the course. One of the latest tests is take-home exams. In the following paragraphs, I will elaborate on the cons and pros of this type of exam. To begin with, I guess its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. First, the implementation of this exam is cheaper and easier. No hall exam should be booked, therefore scheduling of exams is less complicated. Moreover, this type of exam allows teachers to evaluate students’ analysis ability which is getting more important and determinant determining of success especially in human science day by day. In fact, if the exam is take-home, the test can consist of more conceptual questions rather recall questions. In other words, the take-home exam gives this opportunity to students to use different sources like books, handouts, websites and other people to acquire information and integrate them. Not only can this activity assess their analysis ability, but also it examines their search ability for gaining information. Otherwise, due to access to the internet, analyzing is overriding memorizing. Besides, the subjects covered in the courses do not need to be crammed into a test, because there is no time limitation like taking an exam at the university. On the other hand, in my opinion, this method has some disadvantages. For instance, since the teachers face less limitation upon the number of questions or time, so they may give more questions which are both and time-consuming and complex of them. Therefore, the take-home exam lasts more and is more gruelling. In that case, it depends on the deadline and how much time students have for their test. To make a long story short, I strongly believe that this assessment method is extremely functional because it evaluates more abilities than other methods. Of course, this pointit should be considered that not all subjects and courses cannot be examined through the same way. In fact, choosing how to test students’ learning relies on the material which is supposed to be assessed.

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Book: Cambridge IELTS Academic 12 (Test 6) Date: 21-Apr-2019 Task 2 Student’s Name: Mohammad Falahi Subject: Pros and Cons of large number of young adults Number of words: 246 Topic: At the present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large number of young adults, compared with the number of older people. Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages? Many developing countries in which the birth rate is high are facing with a large population of young people which who demand resources and also can be capable of entering into the job market and participating in the economy’s development. If a country can provide an efficient free educational system for growing upraising/nurturing trained people and also if it has reachedhas reached to a certain level of industrialization, it can feed the young educated people into the industrial economy. Both reaching anto efficient educational system and also a level of industrialization need a lot of resources but it is an investment which will be paid back in the future decades. On the other hand, if the percentage of illiteracy is high and the number of young people is increasing, there will be a lot of problems. The uneducated young population is not capable of doing descent work but certainly needs jobs. Not an imbalancematching of the between job supply and demand will result in economy economic depression and sometimes riots. In such a situation the only way for the government is utilizing its natural resources like forests to convert them into agricultural or pasturing lands or some resources like coal, oil, gas and mines, and selling them as unprocessed products like crude oil or gas. Overall, if a government, using a sound way of decision and policy making can invest in the infrastructures of its society like a pioneering educational system, the whole society can be enjoyed of its future specialized workforce powers and develop a sustainable economy and society.

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Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree? No one can deny the direct influence of marketing in on the success of a product. However, it is true that some triumphs witnessed within the consumer goods industry are owed to a pure advertising plan and not necessarily their actual application. On that account, it appears as though the story is two-fold. For that reason, I, to a certain degree, subscribe to the proposed view. On the one hand, with the ever-growing demand for convenience around the world, there is no doubt that the industry must keep pace with those needs to insure a perfectly balanced supply and demand paradigm. Therefore, I believe that there has been a dramatic transformation in how modern businesses run compared to their traditional counterparts. As the variety of the demandeding merchandises increases, more companies come to existence as a result. Hence, businessmen need to incorporate advertising strategies in order to buy a chance for their products’ presentation in the market. Moreover, having a plethora of consumer goods already in the society implies the fact that people are more cautious as to whether a specific product is really valuable or not. Having said that, a trendy product most of the time indicates a proper need underneath thein society. On the other hand, there are cases where a welcomed product in the market does not inherently mirror its value. To cite an example, for selling a product online, people must compete with millions of websites on the internet, forcing them to use some unjust techniques to boost their sale. One such method is through paid reviews to lure customers into purchasing a some merchandise. However, these products are normally short-lived and their market size decays wanes over the course of time, as the truth unfolds. To conclude, although mass-marketing in media could potentially provide some traction for goods in the market, I opine that its damaging nature will reveal the truth behind. Furthermore, such sales usually distance from their peak soon or later, leaving a room for worthy products to seize the market.

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Some people think that the teenage years are the happiest times of most people’s lives. Others think that adult life brings more happiness, in spite of greater responsibilities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Happiness is one of the most desirable feelings of every human being. Many people reminisce about their teenage years as unrepeatable joyful moments, while others believe that adults potentially have more choices for bringing happiness to their life. This essay will review the reasons that cause individuals to feel like that the cheerful times have eclipsed after adolescence. During adolescence, teenagers are supposed to have fewer concerns in comparison with adults, because most of them live with their parents who totally support and fulfill provide them with entertaining and enjoyable activities. The Teenage period age is the time of having freedom and no little responsibility but teenagers normally have not the opportunity to opt for their lifestyles, because they do not have financial independence. Adults normally have the duty to be in charge to take care of their family and themselves which defines their freedom and also causes them anxiety. For example a man who has the burden of providing his families’ family’s living expenses has to toil day and night to make a living, and as a result he does not have the time to put his mind at ease and enjoy the cheerful moments of life. In conclusion, people’s experiences, containing including sad ones, and their responsibilities, which cause them stress, can diminish thefeeling of happiness. It is an undeniable fact that teenagers who were rarely were touched by the harsh cruelty and complexity of life, are presumed to be more cheerful, but there are many untouched experiences which they do not have not the chance to gain it. In my opinion, although the disasters change people’s spirits and it causes less happiness in life, it is everyone’s responsibility to search for it and create the situation to be thrilled.

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Some people say that in all levels of education, from primary schools to universities, too much time is spent on learning facts and not enough on learning practical skills. Do you agree or disagree? Some argue that there is a lot of emphasis on studying applied science instead of gaining real experience in different educational levels. Although there is an increasing tendency towards changing this practice, with regards to the environments of various careers and the students' courses, I wish to confess admit that the trend has almost remained unchanged. Firstly, considering the titles of books being studied in the schools, we can notice that most of them have theoretical aspects. For instance, except for science, all courses such as history or geography hardly involve some actual curriculums. Though inevitable the above-mentioned fact may seem, it would be really invaluable if we devised a comprehensively designed schedule for students, rendering them exposed to a great deal of real experience. In addition, even though more non-theoretical topics are concerned in higher degrees like universities, society gives priority to the experienced employees over those who have just graduated from the academic institutions. To cite the reason, I wholeheartedly say that this issue is rooted in the policy that has been taken by those who are in charge of the educational bodies, thereby giving far less opportunities to the young people in comparison with the older ones. However, in this day and age, facing scientific breakthroughs, authorities have found that they had better pave the way for the students to apply their abilities in a the real world. They turn to include including more experimental studies in the syllabuses due to a growing body of evidence that authenticate the paramount importance of practical skills. In conclusion, that the focus has been always placed on factual skills in schools or universities is an undeniable fact, needing a lot of effort to be put into the educational process in order for students to improve their nontheoretical knowledge and thrive on it especially regarding the fact that they will have been directly affected by this issue in the future.