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Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Thanks to the improvements in Information technology, getting information easier more easily and having free access to it freely has have aroused controversy over the recent decades. Having Access to information has undergone a dramatic change over the past few years,. The internet has contributeding to this change, and now people have easier access to the internet and information. Whether this free and easy access has bring brought benefits to the society or not will be covered in this essay. First and foremost, concluding that easier access to the information has brought quite a lot upsides for society is an undeniable fact. Comparing the level of knowledge of 2000s generation to that of 1970s, we can observe a significant expansion in the horizon of the former one. Proponents of sharing as much as information as possible thinks that when a community wants to develop in every aspects, having access to the information is inevitable. On the other hand, there has have been a numerous debates over whether this broad knowledge has bring brought benefits to the young generation or not, is still on doubt. Opponents firmly believes that, for the sake of a community there are is some information which should be always keep kept confidential. They believe if every spectra spectrum of the populace having has access to the information easily and freely, it can drives a society into a chaos. To sum up, from my point of view although there are is some classified information which cannot be shared with public, having access to information easier contributes to developing one's nation. Therefore, the benefits of sharing information as much as possible far outweigh its drawbacks. Time: 40 Mins

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Most ABM is rule-based (Kocabas & Dragicevic, 2013), in almost modeling researches with ABM, rules are defined by modelers and agents do not make rules in a model. The first attempts for moving towards dynamic of institutions are seen in Smajgl (2008) and Ghorbani (2016) works (Ghorbani & Bravo, 2016)(Smajgl, Izquierdo, & Huigen, 2008). Agents are not so intelligent enough to sense collective emergent institutions or change them. The action of each person in a social system is an individual based on the knowledge, preferences, backgrounds, and interests (Parker, Hessl, & Davis, 2008). Then in the same situations, people can make various decisions or follow particular order of steps. Then considering multi criteria intelligent decisions are is very/extremely/quite important. Coleman (1986) boat or bathtub diagram is an intellectual tool to show how we can analyze complex social processes which . It includes two levels: macro and micro. The rules, norms, and institutions are located at the macro level; at the micro level, individuals, their behavior and actions are exist ed (Coleman, 1986). Fig 2 is extended based on Coleman, Hodstrom and Swedberg boat (Coleman, 1986)(Hedström & Swedberg, 1998) and North (D. C. North, 1993). In one social context, people act and make decisions based on established institutions. However, during the over time, environmental factors will be changed, individual learning and skills will be improved and these factors can potentially trigger individual, new decisions; hence, we will have changes in individual actions and itwhich can change institutions consequently.

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It is necessary to parents to attend parenting course to bring their children up. Do you agree or disagree? Due to modernization, many perfections have been expected to improve our lifestyles one of which is parenting. There are classes that are being hold in order to our children have the best possible start in life. However, there are opponents and proponents for such developments. To begin with, parenting courses are classes where parents consult experts about their children upbringing. Not only does these classes help parents in terms of behavior, but they also can teach parents to how they should take care of children's physics. To exemplify, parents can receive a fairly proper regime for their kids from those early ages lest they face diseases in future. Furthermore, consulters are able to assist our children in revealing their inner talent. Having said that, a developmental way will be introduced exactly the time that children are starting to nurture their talent. The more talent, the better off their future. Thus, this pivotal role of courses cannot be denied. On the other hand, many opine that nowadays thanks to the internet we have access to a large variety of information about how to rearing a child and we should not pay a great deal of money on those courses. In addition, some people believe that we can raising a child in the way that our grandparents do. In other words, they argue that our ancestor's way of living has been achieved by experience and is more reliable compared with the new knowledge. In conclusion, there are strong arguments on both sides of the debate. After analyzing I am of the opinion that our ancestor's/ancestors' methods of children upbringing are as valuable as the new one. Therefore, having them alongside would be a proper approach.

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In many places, new homes are needed, but the only space available space available for building them is in the countryside. Some people believe it is more important to protect the countryside and not build new homes there. What is your opinion about this? The idea of preserving undeveloped land around large cities is not so new. In fact, we mainly use these green areas for leisure activities. That these lands benefit both nature and people is an undeniable fact accepted by most environmentalists. However, many people have the opposite viewpoint opining one of the best options for constructions are those area where the price of land is much lesser (lower) than inside cities. In fact they believe this is a feasible solution to lowering the price of housing in big cities resulting in helping a majority of citizens who cannot afford high prices of housing in big cities. First and for mostforemost, tired and ill-tempered of the hectic pace of life, humans today looks for wild nature to spend his their leisure time to relieve emit the stress and tiredness (which) they have has gotten from heavy work. Based on a research done by the faculty of civil engineering at UCLA, the statistics showed that an achievable destination for the majority of people who do cannot not afford long journeys are is greenbelts near metropolitan areas. I believe not only do are the greenbelts a suitable place for people in all social levels but it they also has have an important role in improving the quality of polluted weather in large cities. In other words, those preserved areas act as active lungs for polluted cities. On the other hand, some others claim the construction should be expanded to the outskirts, so that the price of accommodation will be reduced in highly expensive urban areas. Although I completely agree with lowering housing prices by constructing more buildings, I am extremely against losing green areas to achieveing reasonable prices for housing. I think this is a short-term solution leading to more inflations within a short period of time. My suggestion is to speed up constructions, but in minor cities and this not only does this encouragevillagers not to immigrate to big cities, but also can result in creating jobs in small cities. In addition to this, the greenbelt remainsed untouched. In conclusion, as an environmentally friendly person I think we are not allowed to destruct/destroy the greenbelt unless it is under a severely tough condition. Thanks to the modern urban design there are some practical solutions to stop thatthat the destruction of ruining wild life around big cities. I hold the idea that the green areas near big cities have (play) a critical point part in health and wellbeing of citizens.

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Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in science research, business and academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely. Discuss both views and give your opinion. There are different views about whether it is an outstanding idea that the scientific studies be accessible to the public at no cost while some of them are significantly invaluable resources. In my opinion, access to these articles should be granted with regards to the people's education level. On the one hand, in the modern world, with different complicated issues, publishing the research data can be a contributing factor to in achievinge the a greater success in a shorter time. If all experts cooperate with each other from all corners of the world and exchange their knowledge, there will be have a greater chance to get the desired goal immediately which is an absolutely priceless accomplishment to human society. For instance, finding a new vaccine to tackle a new epidemic disease needs all scientists' 'effort, in this case, each laboratory can work on a specific case in parallel to produce the suitable vaccine to prevent a catastrophic people's death. On the other hand, some scholars fail to make their research available to the public due to having spent/made involving a lot of effort and therefore prefer not to let others benefit from their achievementsbecause they are fearful of plagiarisms. Therefore, they prefer to isolate their dissertation whereas on the other side of the world someone else may be working on the same subject. They could have had effective cooperation with more efficient innovation if they had exchanged their ideas because they should not start from scratch/beginning. In addition, the investment in the study could have been used in other fields. In my view, if the people get fund for their theses instead of publishing them in universities, they will not shun it anymore because they are aware that the knowledgeable students will continue their theory to gain deeper and efficient progress in it,. subsequently, they will receive a sense of confidence. In conclusion, sharing valuable academic data among educated people is an effective decision , thus the experts can cooperate with each other on one subject and integrate their achievements from every country which is a contributing factor in to becominge successful in the short-term.