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Question :In many places ,new homes are needed ,but the only space available for building them is in the countryside .Some people believe it is more important to protect the countryside and not build new homes there .What is your opinion about this? Answer: During the modernization of cities ,the fulfilment of making the a balance between the environment and construction operations have has been a bone of contention and different approaches were taken during the time in numerous countries by governments. Many countries have taken deconstructive unhelpful views toward the issue which has endangered their environment and wildlife but some others who were more tactful prefer to plane their city development and construction projects according to principles of sustainable development. The devastation that occurs by projects which neglect the importance of the environment these days demonstrates its impact on the life of humans, and the media struggle to raise social awareness ,at least ,arouse the attention of the public to the issue despite,although some governments and authorities which still tries try to somehow justify their plans. My notion regards the priority of building new houses or preserving the environment far outweigh on the importance of environment because having even the best home without a safe and healthy environment will not be pleasurable .For instance ,in some states wisely projects cause the probability of more floods that lead to a hazardous predicament. All in all ,I believe that for any project including building new houses near cities ,environmental concerns should be measured and if need be the construction process should be alternated by other planes plans which are more competent compatible with the environment

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Nowadays people can carry out tasks such as shopping and banking even business transactions without meeting each other face to face. What are the effects on individuals and society? In this day and age by the advent of the Internet, more and more people tend to use online services to do their everyday tasks. These services can provide people with a variety of benefits ranging from ordering groceries to complicated financial transactions between international companies. Certainly, these services at first seemed extremely interesting, but gradually the side effects have raised a heated debate amongst people from all walks of life. This short essay will discuss both the merits and demerits of this controversial issue. Unlike just a few decades ago and thanks to science and technology, we can buy almost everything we need using online services provided by the Internet which for sure have reduced the number of exhausting travels. Digikala, for example, in my country offers reasonable prices compared to traditional shops owing to the fact that it does not have to pay for a luxuriously large store in an appropriate part of the town, hence the lower prices it can offer to its customers. What is more, is the time-saving method of delivery and payment for people living in large cities suffering from time limitation. Having said that, the opponents argue that despite the various benefits, we cannot overlook the irrecoverable damages these new methods lead to for both society and individuals. Spending most of their time at work, people living in large cities rarely find time for socializing, and if they stop buying their needs from traditional stores, the minimum communication between them will be cut, leading to more isolated members of society. The alarming rate of isolated individuals in a society is definitely harmful to both society and people. To cut a long story short, I hold that it goes without saying that although the new online methods benefit us widely, we have to strike a balance using them. We need to communicate with other people, or this otherwise perfect solution can deteriorate aggravate our mental wellbeing.

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You live in a crowded city with only one green space-the city park. The government recently proposes to build a housing complex on this only green space. Do you think this is a good idea? Generally speaking, although it is vital to have enough residental areas for people to live in them, it is important to have enough parks for environmental benefits. It is obvious that the more we prepare accommodies accommodation in cities, the more people move there from rural areas and make them more crowded . That is why I disagree with government’s decision for three reasons. First, it is not an environmentally- friendly choice. Moreover, it causes more air pollution. Plus, it eliminates people’s gathering place. To begin with, the environmental issues are more critical in urban areas and many animal species and people’s life depend on this envirnomentenvironment. Thus, it is important to take care of the only green space in the town lest animals lost lose their only habitat. By destroying the only park of the city those animals should will either be wiped out or fleed to the city among people. Both points are daunting. Escaping of animals from the park which is destroyed to the city would have many negative impacts on people’s life. They would be foraging for food among people’s food waste and would carry deseases diseases and infections with them. For instance, most crowded cities are facing this problem. Cats and dogs who lost their green habitat have entered down town and have made created/caused many problems for city members. Secondly, crowded cities are already struggling with traffic jams and air pollution. Tress and plants set off set-off co2 emissions by absorbing them, so we should not take their role in cleaning the air for granted while by destroying the only park of the city the government increases aggravates traffic james and air pollution. Air pollution itself is harmful for populace especially kids and elderly ones and causes heart deseases diseases and asmaasthma. My own experience of my home town is a compelling example of this idea. City of Tehran is packed with skyscrapers and cars and its lack of trees has made the air very polluted and every year many people lose their life due to it. Last but not least, on the surface, it comes across as a beneficial choice, but devastating the only green area would be one ofextremely harmful. A vast majority of people get together in that park where they interact or play group games and sports. By destroying the park we take a part of people’s intertainments away from them. It not only does it play a key role on in their mental but physical health. Losing activity and hobbies can adversely affect your both body and mind. For example, parks are meant to bring greenness and joy to cities like our neighbourng park where which is a home to cats and a place for people social activities and doing sports. To cut a long story short, the afforementioned points and examples have illustrated that I am not in favor of government’s decission and in my opinion we are in charge of taking care of our community and we should not allow the government to make wrong decissions to achieve its own profits.

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In recent decades many people have been showing more interest regarding celebrity gossip rather than what they really have to offer in terms of art and expertise. A trait which sets an unacceptable example for the youth. These days, the media shapes a great portion of people's perception of their surroundings. This issue does not seem to be a problem for adults who already have a solid understanding of the world. But it can be challenging for the fresh minds of the youth. Unfortunately, we live in an era that when teenagers are presented with wrong images of celebrities by social media and are swept away by the flow of consumerism and materialism without having a choice. Actors and actresses are ranked in social media by their bank account digits and the size of their golf courses. Being subject to such images leads to a future generation of superficial adults. Today's teenagers don't learn to appreciate the true values of art and are drastically misled. As a result, they spend the prime of their lives obsessing over the wrong matters, which will probably lead to a puzzled and possibly a regretful group of millennials in the following decades, which is one of the worst happenings for a society. In my stance, any society being filled with confused and unambitious youth, is doomed to fail. To sum it up, the current trend of fame for wealth and beauty may be a quite a destructive trend for the young generation and requires immediate corrective action.

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Students in a university club want to help others, but they can only choose one project a year, which one of the following is the best? A. Help those students in a nearby primary school with reading and mathematics. B. Help people who cannot afford to build or rent a home to build a house. C. Visit and assist elderly people with daily tasks. Although helping populace under the poverty line owning a home or helping elderly ones in their daily routines are considered a great job for students to do, I opine that helping primary school kids in their lessons would be more beneficial for three reasons. First, interacting kids gives students positive energy. Moreover, it is going to be a great experience. Plus, kids play a vital role in every society future. To begin with, helping people irrespective of their both social levels and age is accompanied with positive vibes, but when it comes to kids the energy is way more noticeable. According to conducted psychological studies ones who work with kids more tend to overcome their mental disorders. That is why contacting children is more like a remedy than a work. My own experience is a compelling example of this idea. Since the birth of my little sister our home is filled with positive vibes. Secondly, every project you take helps you flourish and gain precious experiences. Helping primary school kids provides you an excellent opportunity to learn how to interact with children. Due to the fact that you will be in charge of raring your own child, it is important to prepare yourself. For instance, my cousin who used to work in a primary school could raise her child with less hardship. In other words, her work experiences were quite helpful in that process. Last but not least, every single person regardless of her or his age is significant to the community, but kids are listed as a country priorities because every country future is in their hands. We as a member of this society should invest in educating kids lest they unconsciously damage the country in the future. The project of helping primary school kids in their mathematics and reading is not only a long-term process but requires a broad effort. Having said that, it is worth it. For example, European countries especially Sweden try to encourage every member of its society to cooperate in kids’ learning process. To cut a long story short, the aforementioned points and examples have illustrated that I am in favor of helping-kids-with-their-educational-issues project for three reasons. First of all, it is going to be positive energy exchange. Furthermore, it would be invaluable experience for students. Finally, kids’ awareness is crucial to our country future. We should pay more attention to children in that age range in order for next generation to be more conscious about their surroundings.

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Children rely too much on technology like computers, smartphones, video games for fun and entertainment. Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for children’s development. Appropriate types of Children’s activities have sparked a great debate among experts for decades. “Technology and kids” is one of the issues which people disagree on. Some of them believe that technology cannot disturb their development in all aspects; however, the others oppose it. I personally believe that we should give priority to physical activity in children’s development. In the following paragraphs, I will elaborate on my arguments. To begin with, according to psychological research, not only do digital devices reduce kids’ creativity, but also they can harm their brain, especially at younger ages. On the contrary, non-digital games can improve different parts of their brain and strengthen its connections. For instance, imagine a child painting. This activity can improve his imagination, creativity, and coordination between her eyes and hands. Moreover, the group plays play a vital role in social skills improvement. In fact, these social interactions give the children this opportunity to learn how to communicate/interact with others and solve their problems through discussion, thereby progressing their verbal skills. Nevertheless, since the technology encourages individualism, it cannot be considered a tool fully developing this skill in younger individuals. Besides, playing outside gives them a chance of experiencing the environment in person which is impossible through digital games. However, further thought shows that it is imperative for the young generation to become accustomed to digital devices. To put it simply, because technology is becoming an inseparable part of our life, children should get used to them, provided that parents should not abuse child’s access to digital devices to get rid of kids and their affairs. In other words, many a family apply these devices in order to entertain their children and do their own job. To conclude, we should not consider technology black and white. I opine that it is a double-edged sword which should be used in an appropriate way. In other words, adults should not neglect their duties to their offspring and stall them, thanks to technology development. On the other hand, the modern world needsmodern people, so we should let the younger generation to use technology and get accustomed to it.

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One of the most serious problems the cities now face is crime.What are the most effective measures to tackle crime in urban areas? The number of people leaving in the cities are increasing and as a result, citizens are in encountering countering many issues. One of the major problems is the rising the crime rate. However, this could be solved by many effective methods. One approach could be educating people from childhood. This period of time provides a good chance as children are starting to learn how to live in the society. Teaching students about the negative consequences of crime could make raise responsible adults in future. This Would would create an alarm in their mind about doing engaging in any crime or facing people doing so. However, I believe that not only does the idea of educating youngsters work, but also it could be beneficial for elder people. Furthermore, it is a fact that many destructive behaviors occur due to poverty. For instance, the intention of doing burglary is mostly the lack of money. If we could build a society in which people had have access to their basic needs ,we might have seen a minimum number of crimes today. This is because many individuals who are not in severe poverty would prefer to avoid the risk of doing theft. Another feasible approach is providing communities with more discipline. This could be addressed by a strict laws, higher fines and having numerous policeman policemen in the streets .It cannot not be denied that many citizens obey the rules since they are afraid of the consequences of breaking them. Visible policemen in urban areas especially at night, sends the message that everyone is under supervision. Although the number of crime is increasing in big cities, however this could be lesson lessened through different methods. This includes an organized program from childhood to adulthood and it is definitely the government’s duty.

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In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry. Why is this the case? What can be done about this problem? Thousands of people all over the world do not have enough food to eat due to a great deal of issues which one of them lead to the practice of farming and in spite of the advantages of new agricultural ways and equipment, they are not adequate to guarantee that all social casts could easily provide access to food. However, the process of agricultural production and its tools have made significant progressed in food industry. There are plenty of reasons which cause lots of problems in the fair proportion of production as well as its distribution. We cannot exempt natural disasters such as floods, storms, drought or even a sudden climate change that usually happens due to harmful emissions which only one of them could has terrible effects on the fields of an area particularly when the plants are partly grown and it would be too late to plant more, like a massive destruction of most of the farmlands in Iran when unexpected heavy snow fell in early spring two years ago. On the other hand, uncontrolled attack of pests should be considered as a main factor of destroying lands when it occurs in an unpredicted way. Therefore, all these events and disasters could decrease a tremendous amount of crops, so the high expenses of product in agriculture would be the result of crop damage and the down trod den people could not afford the large costs. Generally governments and authorities can consider subsidization for farmers who their produce would be at stake or create a balance between supply and demand by controlling exports and imports to mitigate the costs in the future. For example, some seeds which are consumed more like wheat should be sold to farmers in a lower price to facilitate the other process of farming, although preparing fields by new technology has its initial expenses which should be rented or sold by a time loan or payment. In conclusion, as the population of the world are growing considerably, the number of hunger people will increased without sufficient plans and managements especially in cultivation scale regardless of its developments in traditional methods.

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement ? It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts - use specific reasons and examples to support your answer . Actually , Teaching facts or concepts and ideas has recently been the topic of the debate among experts . They are complement to each other and both can be interesting or boring and i totally support that understanding ideas and concepts is more important than learning facts . First of all , understanding ideas and concepts is much easier than learning facts and also can help us to learn facts better and that is why in the class we usually study concepts in the first pages then move to facts in other pages . For instance, if the a student just knows the fact that diabetics should not take consume a sugar , they will not know how they can manage when it happeness, and patients need some carbohydrate intake . secondly , learning concepts and ideas can be effective because it lets students to create facts by on their own and understanding ideas and concepts opens the mind and strengthens their imagination but just learning any facts and their solutions is useless . For the above example if students understand the concept of diabetes , they can find solutions for all kinds of problems in this filed and they do not need to remember all solutions for each specific problem . In conclusion , in from my point of view understanding concepts and ideas is a more efficient method for students instead of learning facts , helps the students to memorize and apply their knowledge in different subjects and situations and also can lead us to a better understanding of the facts .

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement ? Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past . Use specific reasons and example to support your answer . I personally suppose that technology has made children less creative than they were in the past and I feel this is for a couple of reasons . First of all , people are able to have quick access to technology , so they would rather use technology instead of researching from books or asking from other people or even thinking too much about some subjects they prefer to click one button and find their questions , thus this kind of fast availability slackens our brains because we get used to detecting fast the answers of to our questions . For example, if you have to write an essay whit on an unfamiliar topic , you will search on the Internet quickly and for that reason we have lack of ideas in our writings . A nother important point is that , technology has got many usages , takes imagination away from children though . It dose does not let children to find diverse solutions for their problems that might be different from another's others’ solutions . In addition, with by using technology they do not create new hobbies because they just paly online games with PC or XBOX, so it is hazardous for their health especially their eyes . For instance , my cousins are always in front of TV and play online games and they do not hang out with their friends to play with them in parks or dead-end streets . Moreover , by utilizing technology the children's physical activities would diminish because everything would be ready on turning a blindin the blinking of an eye . They can order foods instead of going to restaurants or they can take carpooling instead of going out and taking a walk , using buses or the subway . This might cause weight gain/gaining weight in children . Last in my view , although technology is beneficial , using it a lot can decrease children's creativities creativity or even can impact their health .