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The only way to reduce the amount of traffic in cities today is by reducing the need for people to travel from home for work, education or shopping. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Although reducing the distance between home and other necessary places has an impressive impact on decreasing the amount of traffic especially in big cities, I do not think this is an only way. Discussing the title of approaches to reduce the traffic, includes varies various aspects and factors. First of all, public transportation plays an important role in this regard. Developing public transportation and encouraging people to use it, lead to reducing traffic jams, numbers of personal cars, and air pollution. However, using public transportation should be convenient to be accepted by most groups of people. If they had to stand on crowded trains or buses or confront different obstacles to find stations or terminals, they would prefer their own vehicles. Encouraging people to use bicycles or walk is another way. Providing bicycle stations in every corner of the city alongside special roads, and preparing a simple mechanism to use them can be really helpful. It also needs culture development so that people choose these other ways for commuting. Alongside the other approaches to reduce the amount of traffic, unfortunately decreasing the travel rate in the city will not be easy. Nowadays by improving technologies and developing online businesses, many unnecessary communications physical presences can be cut/avoided. Shopping, money transferring, educating and so many other daily errands can be done by pressing a button behind via your laptop. However, many people may not have not access to these technologies or they are not able to use them. To sum up, reducing daily communication travel or commuting is not easy despite the burst of technologies. Moreover, decreasing the requirement of travelling is not the only option in order to reduce traffic jams.

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Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. what do you think are the advantages of attending school at a young age? Whilst an overwhelming majority of the public hold the idea that it is all to the good of young children to spend their time playing before school age, others argue that the sooner children go to educational centers, the better for their future. When it comes to training children at early ages, I opine that though difficult it might seem at first, starting teaching children at early ages can bring about myriads of benefits for both the children and society if these trainings can be conducted according to the recommended guidelines by training experts. We live in a world where education and practical skills play a crucial role in our career and other aspects of life, and without a shadow of a doubt there are some skills such as foreign languages, playing a musical instrument, or sports that requires practicing them at a young age. Many a person who starts learning a foreign language in their adulthood, but regrettably a majority of them are unable to make the most of it only because they have not started it at their childhood. Having said that, we should also take children’s demands into consideration. In other words, if tough educational materials replace their natural demands such as simple plays that every normal child requires, undoubtedly they will not lead a healthy life in their adulthood. Spending time with their same age children playing, children can develop their talent, and at the same time show their parents in what field they are gifted. To cut a long story short, in my heart of hearts I agree with educating children at an early age, but without any pressure or tough method. In other words, there should be some selected subjects to teach them so that we can evaluate their talent in a way that they do not recognize they are obliged to learn, but they feel the pleasure of learning.

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past. Nowadays, due to the developing technology the human life changes day-to-day and people should attune themselves to the machinery world. One of the contentious issues in this field is whether the rapidity of changing affects the human lives and their satisfaction. Although some believe that this these high-speed alterations, which are ubiquitous in the world, leads to the huge developments and progresses, which is undeniable, I am personally of the opinion that it they influences our life negatively. Firstly, in this day and age, the human knowledge advances drastically and the companies̕ products should be commensurate with the up-to-date- knowledge. So, they are vying with each other to produce state-of-the-art goods and grasp/dominate the market. These days, the markets are awash with innumerable products from numerous brands, which increases the consumerism in society. One of the results of this huge amount of products, which are updating every day with new ones, is the intense desire in consumers to buy more and more, pseudo needs. Unfortunately, the more you face different merchandises, the more you feel the necessitate necessity of unusable commodities in your life. As a result, although people possess more advanced products compared to the last 20 years, they are never satisfied because there are always the better ones the next day. Secondly, people should adapt themselves to this unpredictable and always changing world, if they wish to possess better positions. If you are working in a company as a computer engineer, it is necessary to update your information and learn the new software. As a teacher, you should know the new learning devices and exploit them to increase the quality of your teaching method and even as a secretary, you should elevate your computer skills, which are changing every second! Relentless learning without cease. And a quick question, have you any free time to see your friends or even your families? How much time do you spend for your social interactions, which plays the most important role in human happiness and life satisfaction? Unfortunately, nothing. To sum up, I see the disadvantages of the swift change more than its merits. The decrease in personal relationship and the resulting depression, the variety of products and the resulting dissatisfaction and the increase in consumerism are just some of its drawbacks.

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It is necessary for parents to attend a parenting training course to bring their children up . Do you agree or disagree? It is widely believed that the quality of parenting children receive during childhood and adolescence plays a major role in their development, hence the importance of raising the prospective parents' awareness about nurturing. Yet, there has been much discussion revolving around whether it is essential for parents to attend parenting classes or not. While there are many compelling reasons to the contrary, I would argue that it is too generalized a statement that all parents should pass these courses to become qualified. Parenting courses can benefit parents on several grounds. To start with, many a young parent suffers from lack of information and experience about raising a child. The collapse of the joint family system and emergence of nuclear families have aggravated the situation, leaving the onus of upbringing merely on parents. Not only can parenting classes educate parents about feeding, sleeping and their physical and mental health, but also it they can boost their self-confidence which is of paramount significant significance to bring up a child. Moreover, there are many mental diseases such as autism and attention deficit disorder which may be cured if diagnosed in early stages. Parenting courses can enhance parents' information about the common symptoms of them leading to an earlier start of medication. Apart from the aforementioned merits of parenting classes, I believe that nurturing does not have a unique method to adopt for all kids. That is to say, not all kids are similar in terms of characteristics and behavior. For example, nurturing a stubborn offspring who throws tantrums is so different from that of a malleable one. Apart from the general knowledge of nurturing, taking part in private counselling sessions with a child behavioral specialist may be more effective for those who encounter problems with their rebellious charges. In addition, it is worth mentioning that many adults learn how to deal with parenting problems by their nature or trial and error with their children such as their ancestors. To cut a long story short, to reiterate, while parenting courses can act as a blessing for many prospective parents, it is not true to say that all parents should pass them to gain qualification in nurturing.

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Every country has animal species that are limited to unique areas. Some of them become extinct and some of them during the years is destroyed. How it can be solved and what are the causes are, will/ are going to be discussed in the following paragraphs. The research shows that hunting is one of the reasons and the main reason that results in the limited limiting the animal population. Hunters may be human or perhaps be other wild animals. Some of them believe that another reason is the weather. Climate change is one reason that leads tomakes the destruction of animals. For years, global warming has had some consequences that narrow animal loss is one of them. It leads to food required to become becoming eliminated. On the other hand in the life cycle, some of the animals feed on other animals. It leads to a race of them become becoming limited in numbers. From researcher's researchers’ point of view, if it is an environment that where animals are protectionprotected, the races remain. In this protected area, they can pasture and get nourished from sources that humans provide for them. They can reproduce in a safe area and their children are protected from other animals. If the heavy government heavy fines are imposed onfor a hunter it will demotivate huntingbecomes reduce that they fallow hunt. In overviewsummary, animals can be be limited in numbers during years due toin factors such ashunting causes of hunt and climate. Animal extinctionIt can be reduced by protecting them in the area that the government assigns for them.

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Children have more and more tests and exams at school, sometimes starting from the age of five or six right up until the age of 18. What are the advantages and disadvantages of making children do exams? Nowadays, children who have started learning in schools are faced with examinations and testing since they are 5 or 6 years old. I believe the benefits of school’s exams outweigh the drawbacks. On the one hand, tests and exams can force children to practice and study hard in order to learn and improve their lessons. Children not only have to work tough relentlessly to qualify in their exams and pass the courses but also they are obliged/forced to understand what they are taught by teachers. Moreover, they parents can be informed regarding their children- learning progress by feedbacks of those tests. Fathers and mothers want to know about the learning situation of their boys and girls and find to what extent their schools and teachers are successful in their works. On the other hand, tests and exams increase stress among children especially for those whowhom are studying in primary schools. Most of the pupils are worried about the results of their exams and this stress is dangerous in their ages because they have not enough abilities to overcome their stress. However, if the teachers and parents give consultation to students about what is the purpose of the test, they can better deal with mental pressures of exams. In conclusion, although test and exam increases stress among students, parents and teachers can teach to students howwho to deal with that. Furthermore, school examinations force children to study hard and learn curriculums as well as it prepare preparing a proper feedback for parents about their childrens’ progress.